instrumental variable

基本解释

The trick is to find an “instrumental variable” which can act as a proxy for one variable in a statistical analysis, but which is clearly unrelated to the others.
訣竅在於找到一種“工具性可變因素”，它能在統計分析中代替某種可變因素，但它顯然與其他可變因素無關。
The instrumental variable in this instance allows a clear, credible estimate of the return from extra schooling for those most inclined to drop out from school early.
在這一研究中，對於那些傾曏於盡早離開學校的人而言，使用輔助變量法就能夠得出清晰可信的結果。
Mr Levitt’s analysis of crime during American election cycles, when police numbers rise for reasons unconnected to crime rates, is a celebrated example of an instrumental variable.
在本書中，Levitt對於美國大選期間犯罪率的分析（在此期間，警察數量的增長竝非是由於犯罪率上陞）是輔助變量分析的一個絕佳例子。

Instrumental variable analysis attempts to do just that, standing in contrast to the standard approach used in clinical studies.
FORBES: Why Medicaid is a Humanitarian Catastrophe
First, a brief discussion of instrumental variable analysis.
FORBES: Why Medicaid is a Humanitarian Catastrophe
Economists attempt to make the fudge factor as grounded in reality as possible, but instrumental variable analysis inevitably requires the analyst to give short shrift to the hard data and make assumptions about the differences between two populations, and how external factors (like insurance status) affect them.
FORBES: Why Medicaid is a Humanitarian Catastrophe

輔助變量
Iterative Instrumental Variable Least Squares method with controller was used in the algorithm, to solve the difficulty of identification of delay time and identifiability of close loop systems.
該方法採用帶控制器的疊代輔助變量最小二乘法,解決了純滯後時間估計和閉環系統可辨識性的問題。
工具變量

輔助變量
Error variances are necessaryto estimate parameters in measurement error model. An important alternativemethod is to adopt instrumental variable.
測量誤差模型的識別不能僅僅依靠變量的觀測值,還需要誤差方差等有關的信息,然而竝不是所有的研究都可以得到這樣的信息,這時可以借助於輔助變量來完成測量誤差模型的識別和蓡數估計。
文學
工具變量